The original concept for the land-attack destroyer was floated more than 15 years ago then underwent several permutations. The design of the PVLS directs the force of any explosion outward rather than into the ship. September 2009: DDG-1001 starts construction at Bath Iron Works. A single round of the Long-Range Land Attack Projectile was going to cost almost US$1 million – a figure closer to guided missiles than artillery shells. [50], On 16 April 2012, Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus announced that DDG-1002 would be named for former naval officer and U.S. President, Lyndon B. The peripheral vertical launch system (PVLS) is capable of accommodating all Standard missile types. "[115] The Navy decided not to use a tumblehome hull in the CG(X) cruiser before the program was canceled, which may suggest that there were concerns regarding Zumwalt's sea-keeping abilities. Zumwalt-class destroyers cost about $3 billion a pop—compared to $2 billion for a DDG-51. The DDG-1000 is still expected to perform local area air defense. April 2012: DDG-1002 starts construction at Bath Iron Works, Hull-mounted mid-frequency sonar (AN/SQS-60), Hull-mounted high-frequency sonar (AN/SQS-61), Multi-function towed array sonar and handling system (AN/SQR-20), This page was last edited on 18 December 2020, at 15:40. Each Zumwalt now costs $4.5 billion—in addition to the $10 billion spent on development. Watch CBS News anytime, anywhere with the our 24/7 digital news network. The test indicated that the Zumwalt class possesses greater stability compared to typical hull forms. [42], The construction timetable in July 2008 was:[43], The Navy planned for Zumwalt to reach initial operating capability (IOC) in 2016. Sure, … [37] The Aegis system, on the other hand was used in the Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System. The US Navy is eyeing a … [31] House Defense Appropriations Subcommittee Chairman John Murtha said on 23 September 2008 that he had agreed to partial funding of the third DDG-1000 in the 2009 Defense authorization bill. Sea Jet was operated on Lake Pend Oreille, where it was used for test and demonstration of various technologies. The first, not surprisingly, is cost. The USS Zumwalt's Advanced Gun System was designed to use guided precision munitions, the 155mm Long Range Land-Attack Projectile. [11], Naval experts have questioned the decision to replace the close-in swarm defense guns of the Zumwalt-class destroyers with ones of decreased size and range. ABOARD THE USS ZUMWALT -- There has never been a Navy destroyer like this -- never one that looked like this and never one that cost so much. [7], The second ship of the class, Michael Monsoor, will require a new gas turbine after she experienced problems during sea trials resulting in damaged turbine blades. Kirk took CBS News aboard the USS Zumwalt on its journey from Norfolk, Virginia up the Chesapeake Bay to Baltimore, where on Saturday it will be commissioned as a ship of the line. Naval Institute stated "the original design of the ship would have had a much smaller RCS, but cost considerations prompted the Navy over the last several years to make the trades in increasing RCS to save money..."[62], To improve detection in non-combat situations by other vessels, such as traversing busy shipping channels or operating in inclement weather, the Navy is testing adding onboard reflectors to improve the design's radar visibility. The exact choice of engine systems remains somewhat controversial at this point. [37] In April 2016, the U.S. This weapon system has a range of 83 nautical miles (154 km). However, costs for the Flight III Burkes have increased rapidly "as the possible requirements and expectations continue to grow. Following a 2012 assessment using the latest gun and munition effectiveness information, it was concluded that the Mk 46 30 mm (1.2 in) Gun System was more effective than the Mk 110 with increased capability, reduced weight, and significant cost avoidance. Standard Missile (SM)-2 IIIA and the ESSM slated for Zumwalt class require modified missile receivers, transmitters, encoders, decoders and a redesigned digital signal processor to work with the ship's system. On the other hand, these very differences will force time and cost penalties from design and construction changes if the program wishes to "design AIM out" …[90], The system reduces the ship's thermal and sound signature. This is a one off hull that I commissioned as the origianl was being built. [95] Zumwalt carries 16 pre-assembled IBM blade servers. The system provides much more available electrical power than is available in other types of ship. [96] The network allows a seamless integration of all on-board systems, e.g. "[87] Dan Smith, president of Raytheon's Integrated Defense Systems division, has countered that the radar and combat system are essentially the same as other SM-2-capable ships, "I can’t answer the question as to why the Navy is now asserting … that Zumwalt is not equipped with an SM-2 capability". [30] The lack of anti-ballistic missile capability may represent a lack of compatibility with SM-2/SM-3. In late December 2005, the House and Senate agreed to continue funding the program. The USA's DDG-1000 Zumwalt Class Program", "Second Zumwalt Destroyer Needs New Engine After Turbine Blades Damaged in Sea Trials", "Zumwalt Class Destroyer Autonomic Fire Suppression System (AFSS)", "GE Fanuc Embedded Systems Selected By Raytheon For Zumwalt Class Destroyer Program", "The Navy's newest warship is powered by Linux", "Linux used to build US Navy's most powerful destroyer yet", "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007 : report of the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, on H.R. [51], As of January 2009, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) found that four out of 12 of the critical technologies in the ship's design were fully mature. [87], Although Zumwalt ships have an integrated suite of undersea sensors and a multi-function towed array, they are not equipped with onboard torpedo tubes, so they rely on their helicopters or ASROC missiles to destroy submarines that the sonar picks up. The leak required the ship to … Raytheon's X-band, active-array SPY-3 Multi-Function Radar (MFR) offers superior medium to high altitude performance over other radar bands, and its pencil beams give it an excellent ability to focus in on targets. 5122, together with additional and dissenting views (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office)", "John Young – Assistant Secretary of the US Navy For Research, Development And Acquisition", "Navy CG(X) Cruiser Program: Background for Congress", "CRS RL33745 Navy Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) Program: Background and Issues for Congress 8 April 2010", "Potential DDG-51 Flight III Growth Alarms", "Axing DDG 1000 Radar May Save Cash, Enable BMD", "Raytheon Wins Key US Navy Radar Competition", "National Defense Authorization Act of 2007", "Sea Jet Advanced Electric Ship Demonstrator (AESD)", "Here's how the destroyer Zumwalt's stealthy design handles stormy seas", "Experts Question US Navy's Decision To Swap Out DDG 1000's Secondary Gun", "Navy's $7.8 billion destroyer due for delivery 5 years late", Raytheon's official DDG 1000 Program web page, Zumwalt class Destroyer on Navy Recognition site, Advanced Gun System set to be installed on the DD(X) destroyers, Concept of employment for naval surface fire support (near term capability), "Changing Course on Navy Shipbuilding: Questions Congress Should Ask Before Funding", List of destroyers of the United States Navy, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zumwalt-class_destroyer&oldid=994981316, Articles with dead external links from December 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from April 2012, Articles with dead external links from April 2016, Articles with incomplete citations from October 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2014, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from November 2013, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from December 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Flight deck and enclosed hangar for up to two medium-lift helicopters, (equivalent to $4.5 billion in 2019 dollars), 2 × Rolls-Royce RR4500 turbine generators (3.8 MW (5,100 hp) each), 1 × Vertical Launch Anti-Submarine Missile (, October 2008: DDG-1000 starts construction at Bath Iron Works. The design was shifted to the AIM system in February 2005 in order to meet scheduled milestones; PMM technical issues were subsequently fixed, but the program has moved on. In 2005, the Congressional Budget Office estimated the acquisition cost of a DD(X) at $3.8 billion to $4 billion in 2007 dollars, $1.1 billion more than the navy's estimate. The Navy is monitoring research on alternative munitions, but since the AGS was tailor-made to use the LRLAP, modifications will be needed to accept different shells, which is unlikely to happen by the time the first Zumwalt vessel enters operational service in 2018, leaving it unable to fulfill the naval gunfire support role it was designed for. Production of the USS Zumwalt (DDG 1000), the first of the class, began at Bath Iron Works (BIW) on February 11, 2009. These ships are classed as destroyers, but they are much larger than any other active destroyer or cruiser. GAO Assessments of Major Weapon Programs. In April 2007, naval architect Ken Brower said, "As a ship pitches and heaves at sea, if you have tumblehome instead of a flare, you have no righting energy to make the ship come back up. The tubes are long and wide enough to incorporate future interceptors, and although the ship was designed primarily for littoral dominance and land attack, Raytheon contended that they could become BMD-capable with few modifications.[72]. [37][81] This system is thought to provide high detection and excellent anti-jamming capabilities, particularly when used in conjunction with the Cooperative Engagement Capability (CEC). [105] Were the CG(X)'s BMD requirement adopted by the DDG-1000, the DDG-1000 would have to get the TSCE-I upgrade slated for the CG(X) to support that mission. It was originally put forth in modern steel battleship designs by the French shipyard Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée in La Seyne, Toulon. [103] However, the tumblehome hull proved seaworthy in a 1/4-scale test of the hull design named Sea Jet.[116]. Based on the rolls he had been experiencing in his cabin, the executive officer thought that at most they were at sea state three, where wave height only reaches a maximum of four feet (1.2 m). [40] Construction on the second ship of the class, Michael Monsoor, began in March 2010. The second ship, Michael Monsoor, was commissioned in 2019, and the third ship, Lyndon B. Johnson (DDG-1002), is to reach IOC in 2021.[49]. Myth #5:The cost of the USS Zumwalt ranges from $3.5 billion to $4.4 billion The internet abounds with different cost figures for the Zumwalt . The Zumwalt is a battleship for the 21st century, designed to strike targets in a country like North Korea, according to Ron O’Rourke of the Congressional Research Service. The U.S. Navy's Stealth USS Zumwalt Destroyer Finally Fires Its Guns The $4 billion ship was commissioned in 2016, but broke down while passing through the Panama Canal just a month later. The Enterprise Air Surveillance Radar (EASR) is a new design surveillance radar that is to be installed in the second Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier, John F. Kennedy, in lieu of the Dual Band radar. [33], On 6 April 2009, Defense Secretary Robert Gates announced that DoD's proposed 2010 budget will end the DDG-1000 program at a maximum of three ships. "Root Cause Analyses of Nunn-McCurdy Breaches -- Zumwalt-Class Destroyer, Joint Strike Fighter, Longbow Apache, and Wideband Global Satellite," Rand Corporation (2011); see Vol. But the new technologies kept driving the cost up, and the number of ships the Navy could afford down from 32 to just three. He concludes: The Zumwalt is an unmitigated disaster. [66][67] The stability of this hull form in high sea states has caused debate among naval architects, with some charging that "with the waves coming at you from behind, when a ship pitches down, it can lose transverse stability as the stern comes out of the water—and basically roll over. Zumwalt is the lead ship of a class of next-generation multi-mission destroyers designed to strengthen naval power from the sea. The model is amazing in the water with the inverted bow and flat stern area. [61] The U.S. It also suffered a leak in its propulsion system before it was commissioned. At its current cost of $800,000 per round, the LRLAP delivers the same 24 pounds of high explosive as the aforementioned $700 M795 round. The class has an integrated power system that can send electricity from its turbo-generators to the electric drive motors or weapons, the Total Ship Computing Environment Infrastructure (TSCEI),[18] automated fire-fighting systems, and automated piping rupture isolation. Copyright © 2020 CBS Interactive Inc.All rights reserved. “The ship has a radar cross section one-fiftieth of its previous classes of destroyers,” said its captain, James Kirk. [citation needed], The composite deckhouse encloses much of the sensors and electronics. [84], The Dual Band Radar in its entirety (SPY-3 & SPY-4) is to be installed only on the Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier Gerald R. Ford. The America-class amphibious assault ships starting with LHA-8 and the planned LX(R)-class amphibious warfare ships will also have this radar. When the Naval Weapons Laboratory re-evaluated the Mk 46, it met or exceeded requirements and performed equal to or better than the 57 mm in multiple areas, even coming just ahead of the 76 mm (3 in) naval cannon. The stability of the DDG-1000 hull design in heavy seas has been a matter of controversy. The USS Zumwalt, a stealth ship commissioned in October and costing upward of $4.4 billion, has already had engineering and propulsion problems and experienced a … [verification needed][108], With the awarding of the development contract to the next generation Air and Missile Defense S-Band Radar to Raytheon, deliberation to put in place this radar on the Zumwalt-class destroyer is no longer being actively discussed. Shipboard operators will be able to optimize the SPY-3 for either horizon search or volume search. Her home port is San Diego, California. [12] The ship is designed around its two Advanced Gun Systems, their turrets and magazines, and unique Long Range Land Attack Projectile (LRLAP) ammunition. While optimized for volume search, the horizon search capability is limited. On the DDG 1000, with the waves coming at you from behind, when a ship pitches down, it can lose transverse stability as the stern comes out of the water – and basically, roll over. However, if the Air Missile Defense Radar is adopted in common on both the Flight III Burkes and the Zumwalts and if they were both upgraded to the same combat system then the only limitation of the Zumwalts in this role would be their limited missile magazines. sensor fusion, easing operation and mission planning.[97]. The second is more alarming: There are … [34] Also in April, the Pentagon awarded a fixed-price contract with General Dynamics to build the three destroyers, replacing a cost-plus-fee contract that had been awarded to Northrop Grumman. The Zumwalt cost more than $4.4bn and was commissioned in October in Maryland. Significant software modifications are required to support the ICWI, transmit and receive link messages to the missiles. In summary, the committee is concerned that the navy has foregone the long range fire support capability of the battleship, has given little cause for optimism with regard to meeting near-term developmental objectives, and appears unrealistic in planning to support expeditionary warfare in the mid-term. The system is "integrated" because the turbo-generators provide electrical power for all ship systems, not just the drive motors. This system consists of an advanced 155 mm gun and its Long Range Land Attack Projectile (LRLAP). [72] In November 2016, the Navy moved to cancel procurement of the LRLAP, citing per-shell cost increases to $800,000–$1 million resulting from trimming of total ship numbers of the class. [13] Procurement was halted after the first three Zumwalts, and the Navy reverted to building more Arleigh Burke destroyers. The Advanced Electric Ship Demonstrator (AESD) Sea Jet funded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) is a 133-foot (40-meter) vessel located at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division, Acoustic Research Detachment in Bayview, Idaho. [66] As part of the design phase, Northrop Grumman had the world's largest permanent magnet motor, designed and fabricated by DRS Technologies. WASHINGTON: Under intense budget pressure, a Pentagon cost-cutting team is pushing the Navy to cancel its third and last Zumwalt-class destroyer, the … The design concept for the Zumwalt class developed from the "Land Attack Destroyer (DD 21)" development effort. NAVSEA officially stated that the … 5122 Together With Additional And Dissenting Views) stated: The committee understands there is no prospect of being able to design and build the two lead ships for the $6.6 billion budgeted. It uses instead the class-unique Total Ship Computing Environment Infrastructure (TSCEI) integrated mission system. It is claimed that it is superior to the Burke's sonar in littoral ASW, but less effective in blue water/deep sea areas. The downside is that AIM technology has a heavier motor, requires more space, requires a "separate controller" to be developed to meet noise requirements, and produces one-third the amount of voltage. Among the new technologies are automated gun mounts. Gun barrels are hidden from sight to be stealthy, but can hurl a satellite-guided shell more than 60 miles. This is feasible because the installed Rolls-Royce turbine generators are capable of producing 78 megawatts (105,000 hp), enough for the electrically powered weapon. A National Review article by Mike Fredenburg calls the Zumwalts "an unmitigated disaster". The Navy blames the rise in cost on the fact that the Zumwalt class went from a planned 32 ships to just 3, drastically cutting the number of LRLAP rounds it … That explains why the Zumwalt alone cost an astronomical $4 billion. Originally, the Navy had hoped to build 32 destroyers. The Mk 46 has a rate of fire of 200 rpm and a range of 2.17 nmi (4.02 km; 2.50 mi). From then to 2010, various analysis efforts were conducted to assess potential cost-saving alternatives. The U.S. House of Representatives allotted the Navy only enough money to begin construction on one destroyer, as a "technology demonstrator". Navy Secretary Donald Winter said on 4 September that "Making certain that we have – I'll just say, a destroyer – in the '09 budget is more important than whether that’s a DDG 1000 or a DDG 51". [63], The usefulness of the stealth features has been questioned. [41] The keel for the first Zumwalt-class destroyer was laid on 17 November 2011. So while the DDG-51 platform and the DDG-1000 platform are both SM-2/SM-3 capable, as a legacy of the Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System only the DDG-51 with the Aegis combat system is BMD capable, although the DDG-1000's TSCE-I combat system had both BMD and IAMD upgrades planned. The Zumwalt Class ships generate more power than DDG 51 ships, which makes DDG 1000 suitable for future deployment of directed energy beam weapons and the electromagnetic railgun. The second Zumwalt-class destroyer, which also cost more thanUS$4.4 billion, was christened in a June ceremony during which U.S. Rep. Bruce Poliquin called it … [citation needed]. The guided-missile destroyer USS Zumwalt (DDG 1000) arrives at its new homeport in San Diego on Dec. 8, 2016. On 31 July 2008, Vice Admiral Barry McCullough (Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Integration of Resources and Capabilities) and Allison Stiller (Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Ship Programs) stated that "the DDG 1000 cannot perform area air defense; specifically, it cannot successfully employ the Standard Missile-2 (SM-2), SM-3 or SM-6 and is incapable of conducting Ballistic Missile Defense. That number was reduced to 24, then to 7, due to the high cost of new and experimental technologies. It was intended to take the place of battleships in meeting a congressional mandate for naval fire support. The concept was originally for an integrated power system (IPS) based on in-hull permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMMs), with Advanced Induction Motors (AIM) as a possible backup solution. Since the Aegis system has been the navy's chief combat system for the past 30 years when the navy started a BMD program, the combat system it was tested on was the Aegis combat system. The appearance has been compared to that of the historic USS Monitor[16] and her famous antagonist CSS Virginia.[17][15]. The class's role was to provide Naval Surface Fire Support, which requires the ship to be in typically crowded near-shore waters, where such large and distinctive ships can be tracked visually, and any surface ship becomes non-stealthy when it begins firing guns or missiles. This is a wild departure from the sub-$50,000 price Lockheed originally claimed and an utterly astronomical cost … [80] A 2005 report by Congress' investigative arm, the Government Accountability Office (GAO), questioned that the technology leap for the Dual Band Radar would be too much. Both Northrop Grumman Ship Systems and General Dynamics Bath Iron Works shared dual-lead for the hull, mechanical, and electrical detailed design.